Title Of Paper Software Piracy A Worldwide Problem Essays

Title of Paper : Software Piracy : A Worldwide Problem Grade Received on Report : 98 Software Piracy: A Worldwide Problem Software piracy is defined as the illegal copying of software for commercial or personal gain. Software companies have tried many methods to prevent piracy, with varying degrees of success. Several agencies like the Software Publishers Association and the Business Software Alliance have been formed to combat both worldwide and domestic piracy. Software piracy is an unresolved, worldwide problem, costing millions of dollars in lost revenue. Software companies have used many different copy protection schemes. The most annoying form of copy protection is the use of a key disk. This type of copy protection requires the user to insert the original disk every time the program is run. It can be quite difficult to keep up with disks that are years old. The most common technique of copy protection requires the user to look up a word or phrase in the program's manual. This method is less annoying than other forms of copy protection, but it can be a nusance having to locate the manual everytime. Software pirates usually have no trouble "cracking" the program, which permanently removes the copy protection. After the invention of CD-ROM, which until lately was uncopyable, most software companies stopped placing copy protection in their programs. Instead, the companies are trying new methods of disc impression. 3M recently developed a new technology of disc impression which allows companies to imprint an image on the read side of a CD-ROM. This technology would not prevent pirates from copying the CD, but it would make a "bootleg" copy differ from the original and make the copy traceable by law enforcement officials (Estes 89). Sometimes, when a person uses a pirated program, there is a "virus" attached to the program. Viruses are self-replicating programs that, when activated, can damage a computer. These viruses are most commonly found on pirated computer games, placed there by some malignant computer programmer. In his January 1993 article, Chris O' Malley points out that if piracy was wiped out viruses would eventually disappear (O' Malley 60). There are ways that a thrifty consumer can save money on software without resorting to piracy. Computer companies often offer discounts on new software if a person has previously purchased an earlier version of the software. Competition between companies also drives prices low and keeps the number of pirated copies down (Morgan 45). People eventually tire or outgrow their software and decide to sell it. Usually, there is no problem transferring the program from one person to another unless the original owner had been bound by a license agreement. In order for the new owner to legally own the software, the old owner must tell the company, in writing, that he would like to transfer the license to the new owner. Most people fail to notify the company when selling software, thus making the unsuspecting new owner a software pirate (Morgan 46). Consumers must be careful when dealing with used software. United States copyright law allows consumers to place a copy of a program on their computer and also make another copy for backup purposes, in case the original disk fails or is destroyed. Some software companies use licensing agreements to restrict people from making more than one copy of a program. Such use of agreements can make an average consumer into a software pirate, in his effort to make sure his expensive software is safe (Murdoch 2). Before 1990 movie rental stores could rent computer software. People who rented the software would copy the software before returning it. In defense, Congress passed the Software Rental Act, outlawing the rental of software. Even though illegal, many stores and even some software companies still rent software. Since retail space in stores is extremely limited, companies could rent older software that did not have a good showing in retail stores (Champion 128). Software companies could take an idea from the home video industry. The larger video makers found that if they sold videos in foreign countries through their own dealerships, the amount of piracy decreased (Weisband 33). A rather unique strategy used by American software manufactures helps raise local intrest in stopping software piracy. Companies invest

Guanlong Tyrannosaur Facts and Figures

Guanlong Tyrannosaur Facts and Figures Name: Guanlong (Chinese for crown dragon); pronounced GWON-long Habitat: Woodlands of Asia Historical Period: Late Jurassic (160 million years ago) Size and Weight: About 10 feet long and 100-200 pounds Diet: Meat Distinguishing Characteristics: Small size; large crest on head; possibly feathers About Guanlong One of the earliest tyrannosaurs yet to be discovered, Guanlong (the name, crown dragon, alludes to this meat-eaters prominent crest) roamed eastern Asia during the late Jurassic period. Like other early theropods - such as Eoraptor and Dilong - Guanlong was nothing special in terms of size, only a fraction as large as Tyrannosaurus Rex (which lived about 90 million years later). This points to a common theme in evolution, the development of plus-sized animals from small progenitors. How do paleontologists know that Guanlong was a tyrannosaur? Clearly, this dinosaurs crest - not to mention its fairly long arms and (possibly) its coat of feathers - make it an ill-fitting match with the classic tyrannosaurs of the late Cretaceous period. The giveaway is the characteristic shape of Guanlongs teeth and pelvis, which point to its being a basal (i.e., early) member of the tyrannosaur family. Guanlong itself appears to have descended from earlier, smaller theropods known as coelurosaurs, the most prominent genus of which was Coelurus. Oddly, when Guanlong was discovered, in Chinas Shishugou formation, the paleontologists from George Washington University found two specimens lying on top of one another - one surmised to be about 12 years old, and the other about 7. Whats weird is that, as far as researchers can tell, the dinosaurs didn’t die at the same time, and theres no sign of a struggle - so how did they wind up buried together? Its still a tantalizing paleontological mystery.